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TYPHOID
Find most of the information you need in these resources
Always refer to your local signed PGD's in practice, and remember the Green Book takes priority over the SPmC - and sometimes WHO takes priority over the Green Book! They don't always say the same!
Other useful links and further reading:
WHO factsheet - worth a read
Interesting BBC sounds podcast about 'Typhoid Mary'
Typhoid and paratyphoid: guidance, data and analysis: The symptoms, diagnosis, management, surveillance and epidemiology of of typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric fever)
GAVI is funding typhoid vaccines across the world for typhoid
Recent Updates & News
JULY 2023 Fiji launched a mass vaccination campaign
JUNE 2023 Typhoid and paratyphoid: laboratory confirmed cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland from 2021- interesting read: Here's a pie chart to lure you in:
Bits and bobs to casually drop into conversation
Did you know....
Roughly 9 million people become sick from typhoid every year, and 110,000 people die from it worldwide
Paratyphoid, caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and C can spread the same way, causing symptoms that are indistinguishable to typhoid fever. S. Paratyphi is mainly restricted to Asia/Oceania and there is no vaccine available for it yet. 13 million cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever occurred in 2019.
There are three recommended types of typhoid vaccines available internationally (UK only uses two of these, Vifotif and Typhim. conjugated ones are not used in the UK currently). Some countries have these included within their childhood immunisation programme. Travellers visiting certain countries are also recommended to receive a typhoid vaccine
Typhoid can be treated with antibiotics, but extremely drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid strains have emerged (these strains are resistant to five classes of antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins). Only one type of oral antibiotic (azithromycin) remains effective against XDR typhoid, but resistance is also starting to emerge against it in some places.
This highlights the urgent need for widespread vaccination using the Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) in high-risk areas which would reduce the occurrence of the disease and slow down the spread of drug-resistant typhoid. Rolling out the TCV vaccine effectively could prevent two-thirds of cases and deaths.
